Étude toxicologique in vivo et évaluation des activités de l’extrait aqueux des racines d’Aspilia africana (Asteraceas) sur certains paramètres hématologiques chez le rat de souche Wistar

Emmanuelle Fortune Yang^1,2,4, Jean Albert Di-Maïssou^1,2*, Godswill Ntsomboh Ntsefong³, Judith Caroline Ngo Nyobe¹, Francis Ngolsou¹, Charles Christian Ngoule¹, Gisèle Etame Loe¹, Emmanuel Nnanga Nga^1,2,4

1 : University of Douala, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, P.O. Box 2701, Douala, Cameroon

2 : University of Yaounde 1, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Yaounde, Cameroon

3 : University of Yaounde 1, Faculty of Science, Department of Plant Biology, P.O. Box 812 Yaounde, Cameroon

4 : Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, IMPM, P.O. Box 13033, Yaounde, Cameroon

*Correspondance : jdimalbert@ymail.com

DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.61585/PUD-UCAD-IJPPNA 

Abstract:The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute oral toxicity and the evaluation of the activities of the aqueous extract of Aspilia africana roots (Asteraceae) on certain hematological parameters in Wistar rats.

Material and methods: The acute oral toxicity study of the drug was evaluated according to the protocol described in OECD guideline 423. Four groups of three randomly selected rats were constituted and treated orally using an oro-gastric tube: a control group treated with distilled water (10 ml/kg) and the other groups treated with Aspilia africana aqueous extract at respective doses of 50, 300, 2000, and 5000 mg/kg/PC. Hematological parameters were evaluated in normal rats fed for 14 days of Aspilia africana aqueous extract at respective doses of 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg/PC.

Results: The LD50 is therefore greater than 5000 mg/kg. In the histological analysis of organs, no signs of toxicity were found. Aspilia africana aqueous extract in female rats at doses of 500 and 750 mg/kg/PC showed a significant increase in hematocrit levels, and at a dose of 250 mg/kg, a significant increase in the number of white blood cells. As for male rats, a significant increase in the number of red blood cells was observed at 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg/PC, a significant increase in hemoglobin (HGB) levels at a dose of 750 mg/kg/PC, and a significant increase in hematocrit (HCT) levels at 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg/PC, and a significant increase in the number of white blood cells.

Conclusion: In Wistar rats, Aspilia africana aqueous extract showed a beneficial activity on hematocrit levels. Histological analysis of organs showed no signs of toxicity. This safety justifies the use of this plant in traditional medicine. Further studies are needed to identify active molecules and to explore their pharmacological properties.

Keywords: Aspilia africana, acute oral toxicity, hematological parameters, traditional medicine, pharmacological properties.

Yang et al Étude toxicologique in vivo et évaluation des activités de l’extrait aqueux des racines d’Aspilia africana (Asteraceas) sur certains paramètres hématologiques chez le rat de souche Wistar.pdf

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Graphical abstract Yang et al-IJPPNA Vol.2, N°3 (2025)